Synonyms: hyperkinetic disorders, hyperactive disorders, attention deficit disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, hyperkinetic syndrome.

Hyperkinetic disorders are disorders characterized by impaired attention, motor hyperactivity, and impulsive behavior.

Hyperkinetic disorders often occur in early childhood (before the age of 5), when they are diagnosed much later. Attention disorders are manifested by increased distractibility (without signs of hypermetamorphosis) and an inability to perform activities that require cognitive efforts. A child cannot hold attention for a long time on a toy, activities, wait, and endure. He has difficulty sitting still when necessary when he has difficulty in spending his leisure time, which causes difficulty.

In prepubertal age, a child can briefly move anxiety, sensations with this feeling of tension and anxiety. Impulsivity is found in the responses of a child who does not listen, as well as in the inability to wait for their turn in play situations, in interrupting conversations or games of others. Impulsivity is also manifested in the fact that the child’s behavior is often unmotivated: motor reactions and behavioral actions are unexpected (jerks, jumps, jogging, inadequate situations, a sharp change in activity, interruption of play, conversations with a doctor, etc.).

From the beginning of schooling, children with a hyperkinetic syndrome often have specific learning problems: difficulties, memory disorders, auditory-speech dysfunctions, intelligence, as a rule, is not impaired.

Emotional lability, perceptual movement disorders, and first-order disorders are observed almost constantly in these children. 75% have rather aggressive, protesting, defiant behavior or against, depressed mood and anxiety, often as secondary formations associated with a violation of intra-family and interpersonal relationships.